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The Integration of the World Economy, 1850–1914
During the latter part of the nineteenth century and the beginning of this century both international trade and national economies grew exponentially, with international trade growing considerably faster than national income. Contributors to these two volumes question whether trade’s more rapid growth was an engine pulling successful economies, or whether government policies of trade protection had a greater impact upon national economic growth.
The essays in this collection analyse four major driving forces of the period’s sustained economic growth: changes in tariff policies; the technological “revolution” in transportation costs; the population and income growth effects upon demand; and the alterations to comparative advantage brought about by technological changes and resource discoveries.
The essays in this collection analyse four major driving forces of the period’s sustained economic growth: changes in tariff policies; the technological “revolution” in transportation costs; the population and income growth effects upon demand; and the alterations to comparative advantage brought about by technological changes and resource discoveries.
More Information
Contributors
Contents
More Information
During the latter part of the nineteenth century and the beginning of this century both international trade and national economies grew exponentially, with international trade growing considerably faster than national income. Contributors to these two volumes question whether trade’s more rapid growth was an engine pulling successful economies, or whether government policies of trade protection had a greater impact upon national economic growth.
The essays in this collection analyse four major driving forces of the period’s sustained economic growth: changes in tariff policies; the technological “revolution” in transportation costs; the population and income growth effects upon demand; and the alterations to comparative advantage brought about by technological changes and resource discoveries.
The essays in this collection analyse four major driving forces of the period’s sustained economic growth: changes in tariff policies; the technological “revolution” in transportation costs; the population and income growth effects upon demand; and the alterations to comparative advantage brought about by technological changes and resource discoveries.
Contributors
48 articles, dating from 1951 to 1993
Contributors: P. Bairoch, I. Berend, P.J. Cain, A.K. Cairncross, F. Capie, R.E. Caves, E.J. Chambers, F.J. Coppa, N.F.R. Crafts, J. Gallagher, D.F. Gordon, A. Green, S. Farlie, A.G. Ford, J.R. Hanson II, G.R. Hawke, A.G. Hopkins, D.A. Irwin, A.J.H. Latham, J.A. John, W. Kennedy, C. Kindleberger, I.B. Kravis, D.N. McCloskey, L.Neal, J.V. Nye, P.K. O’Brien, M. Olson, J.J. Pincus, G. Ranki, R. Robinson, S.B.Saul, K. Sugihara, M. Thomas, G. Toniolo, M.C. Urquhart, M.H. Watkins, S.B. Webb, J.G. Williamson, G. Wright
Contributors: P. Bairoch, I. Berend, P.J. Cain, A.K. Cairncross, F. Capie, R.E. Caves, E.J. Chambers, F.J. Coppa, N.F.R. Crafts, J. Gallagher, D.F. Gordon, A. Green, S. Farlie, A.G. Ford, J.R. Hanson II, G.R. Hawke, A.G. Hopkins, D.A. Irwin, A.J.H. Latham, J.A. John, W. Kennedy, C. Kindleberger, I.B. Kravis, D.N. McCloskey, L.Neal, J.V. Nye, P.K. O’Brien, M. Olson, J.J. Pincus, G. Ranki, R. Robinson, S.B.Saul, K. Sugihara, M. Thomas, G. Toniolo, M.C. Urquhart, M.H. Watkins, S.B. Webb, J.G. Williamson, G. Wright
Contents
Volume I
Acknowledgements • Introduction
Part I: Overview of the Integration of the Nineteenth- Century World Economy
A. Quantitative Estimates
1. P. Bairoch (1974), ‘Geographical Structure and Trade Balance of European Foreign Trade from 1800 to 1970’
2. A. Green and M.C. Urquhart (1976), ‘Factor and Commodity Flows in the International Economy of 1870–1914: A Multi-Country View’
3. S. Kuznets (1967), Quantitative Aspects of the Economic Growth of Nations: X. Level and Structure of Foreign Trade: Long-Term Trends’
B. General Overviews
4. C.K. Harley (1986), ‘Late Nineteenth Century Transportation, Trade and Settlement’
5. S.B. Saul (1965), ‘The Export Economy 1870–1914’
C. Studies of Particular Commodities
6. C.K. Harley (1980), ‘Transportation, the World Wheat Trade, and the Kuznets Cycle, 1850–1913’
7. M. Olson (1974), ‘The United Kingdom and the World Market in Wheat and other Primary Products, 1885-1914’
8. A.J.H. Latham (1985), ‘The International Trade in Rice and Wheat since 1868: A Study in Market Integration’
9. A.J.H. Latham and L. Neal (1983), ‘The International Market in Rice and Wheat, 1868–1914’
Part II: Trade and Growth
A. General Studies
10. A.K. Cairncross (1961), ‘International Trade and Economic Development’
11. I.B. Kravis (1970), ‘Trade as a Handmaiden of Growth: Similarities between the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries’
12. N.F.R. Crafts (1973), ‘Trade as a Handmaiden of Growth: An Alternative View’ and I.B. Kravis (1973), ‘A Reply to Mr. Crafts’ ‘Note’
13. C.P. Kindleberger (1961), ‘Foreign Trade and Economic Growth: Lessons from Britain and France, 1850 to 1913’
B. The Staple Thesis
14. M.H. Watkins (1963), ‘A Staple Theory of Economic Growth’
15. E.J. Chambers and D.F. Gordon (1966), ‘Primary Products and Economic Growth: An Empirical Measurement’
16. R.E. Caves (1971), ‘Export-Led Growth and the New Economic History’
Name Index
Volume II
Acknowledgements
Part I: The Interplay of Trade, Protectionism, Liberalization and Growth
A. Repeal of the British Corn Laws and the Emergence of Free Trade
1. S. Fairlie (1965), ‘The Nineteenth-Century Corn Law Reconsidered’
2. C.P. Kindleberger (1975), ‘The Rise of Free Trade in Western Europe, 1820–1875’
3. J.V. Nye (1991), ‘The Myth of Free-Trade Britain and Fortress France: Tariffs and Trade in the Nineteenth Century’
4. D.A. Irwin (1993), ‘Free Trade and Protection in Nineteenth-Century Britain and France Revisited: A Comment on Nye’
5. D.N. McCloskey (1980), ‘Magnanimous Albion: Free Trade and British National Income, 1841–1881’
6. D.A. Irwin (1988), ‘Welfare Effects of British Free Trade: Debate and Evidence from the 1840s’
7. J.G. Williamson (1990), ‘The Impact of the Corn Laws Just Prior to Repeal’
B. Trade, Growth and Retardation in Britain
8. N.F.R. Crafts (1989), ‘British Industrialization in an International Context’
9. A.G. Ford (1963), ‘Notes on the Role of Exports in British Economic Fluctuations, 1870–1914’
10. W.P. Kennedy (1974), ‘Foreign Investment, Trade and Growth in the United Kingdom, 1870–1913’
11. D.N. McCloskey (1970-71), ‘Britain’s Loss from Foreign Industrialization: A Provisional Estimate’
12. N.F.R. Crafts and M. Thomas (1986), ‘Comparative Advantage in UK Manufacturing Trade, 1910–1935’
C. Tariffs and Growth in Continental Europe
13. P. Bairoch (1972), ‘Free Trade and European Economic Development in the 19th Century’
14. F. Capie (1983), ‘Tariff Protection and Economic Performance in the Nineteenth Century’
15. C.P. Kindleberger (1951), ‘Group Behavior and International Trade’
16. F.J. Coppa (1970), ‘The Italian Tariff and the Conflict between Agriculture and Industry: The Commercial Policy of Liberal Italy, 1860–1922’
17. G. Toniolo (1977), ‘Effective Protection and Industrial Growth: The Case of Italian Engineering, 1898–1913’
18. S.B. Webb (1980), ‘Tariffs, Cartels, Technology and Growth in the German Steel Industry, 1879 to 1914’
D. Tariffs and Growth in the United States
19. I.B. Kravis (1972), ‘The Role of Exports in Nineteenth-Century United States Growth’
20. J.G. Williamson (1980), ‘Greasing the Wheels of Sputtering Export Engines: Midwestern Grains and American Growth’
21. G. Wright (1990), ‘The Origins of American Industrial Success, 1879–1940’
22. C.K. Harley (1992), ‘The Antebellum American Tariff: Food Exports and Manufacturing’
23. J.A. James (1981), ‘The Optimal Tariff in the Antebellum United States’
24. J.J. Pincus (1975), ‘Pressure Groups and the Pattern of Tariffs’
25. G.R. Hawke (1975), ‘The United States Tariff and Industrial Protection in the Late Nineteenth Century’
E. Trade and the Periphery
26. J. Gallagher and R. Robinson (1953), ‘The Imperialism of Free Trade’
27. J.R. Hanson, II (1977), ‘Diversification and Concentration of LDC Exports: Victorian Trends’
28. J.R. Hanson, II (1986), ‘Export Shares in the European Periphery and the Third World before World War I: Questionable Data, Facile Analogies’
29. I.T. Berend and G. Ranki (1980), ‘Foreign Trade and the Industrialization of the European Periphery in the XIXth Century’
30. P.J. Cain and A.G. Hopkins (1980), ‘The Political Economy of British Expansion Overseas, 1750–1914’
31. P.K. O’Brien (1988), ‘The Costs and Benefits of British Imperialism, 1846–1914’
32. K. Sugihara (1986), ‘Patterns of Asia’s Integration into the World Economy, 1880–1913’
Name Index
Acknowledgements • Introduction
Part I: Overview of the Integration of the Nineteenth- Century World Economy
A. Quantitative Estimates
1. P. Bairoch (1974), ‘Geographical Structure and Trade Balance of European Foreign Trade from 1800 to 1970’
2. A. Green and M.C. Urquhart (1976), ‘Factor and Commodity Flows in the International Economy of 1870–1914: A Multi-Country View’
3. S. Kuznets (1967), Quantitative Aspects of the Economic Growth of Nations: X. Level and Structure of Foreign Trade: Long-Term Trends’
B. General Overviews
4. C.K. Harley (1986), ‘Late Nineteenth Century Transportation, Trade and Settlement’
5. S.B. Saul (1965), ‘The Export Economy 1870–1914’
C. Studies of Particular Commodities
6. C.K. Harley (1980), ‘Transportation, the World Wheat Trade, and the Kuznets Cycle, 1850–1913’
7. M. Olson (1974), ‘The United Kingdom and the World Market in Wheat and other Primary Products, 1885-1914’
8. A.J.H. Latham (1985), ‘The International Trade in Rice and Wheat since 1868: A Study in Market Integration’
9. A.J.H. Latham and L. Neal (1983), ‘The International Market in Rice and Wheat, 1868–1914’
Part II: Trade and Growth
A. General Studies
10. A.K. Cairncross (1961), ‘International Trade and Economic Development’
11. I.B. Kravis (1970), ‘Trade as a Handmaiden of Growth: Similarities between the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries’
12. N.F.R. Crafts (1973), ‘Trade as a Handmaiden of Growth: An Alternative View’ and I.B. Kravis (1973), ‘A Reply to Mr. Crafts’ ‘Note’
13. C.P. Kindleberger (1961), ‘Foreign Trade and Economic Growth: Lessons from Britain and France, 1850 to 1913’
B. The Staple Thesis
14. M.H. Watkins (1963), ‘A Staple Theory of Economic Growth’
15. E.J. Chambers and D.F. Gordon (1966), ‘Primary Products and Economic Growth: An Empirical Measurement’
16. R.E. Caves (1971), ‘Export-Led Growth and the New Economic History’
Name Index
Volume II
Acknowledgements
Part I: The Interplay of Trade, Protectionism, Liberalization and Growth
A. Repeal of the British Corn Laws and the Emergence of Free Trade
1. S. Fairlie (1965), ‘The Nineteenth-Century Corn Law Reconsidered’
2. C.P. Kindleberger (1975), ‘The Rise of Free Trade in Western Europe, 1820–1875’
3. J.V. Nye (1991), ‘The Myth of Free-Trade Britain and Fortress France: Tariffs and Trade in the Nineteenth Century’
4. D.A. Irwin (1993), ‘Free Trade and Protection in Nineteenth-Century Britain and France Revisited: A Comment on Nye’
5. D.N. McCloskey (1980), ‘Magnanimous Albion: Free Trade and British National Income, 1841–1881’
6. D.A. Irwin (1988), ‘Welfare Effects of British Free Trade: Debate and Evidence from the 1840s’
7. J.G. Williamson (1990), ‘The Impact of the Corn Laws Just Prior to Repeal’
B. Trade, Growth and Retardation in Britain
8. N.F.R. Crafts (1989), ‘British Industrialization in an International Context’
9. A.G. Ford (1963), ‘Notes on the Role of Exports in British Economic Fluctuations, 1870–1914’
10. W.P. Kennedy (1974), ‘Foreign Investment, Trade and Growth in the United Kingdom, 1870–1913’
11. D.N. McCloskey (1970-71), ‘Britain’s Loss from Foreign Industrialization: A Provisional Estimate’
12. N.F.R. Crafts and M. Thomas (1986), ‘Comparative Advantage in UK Manufacturing Trade, 1910–1935’
C. Tariffs and Growth in Continental Europe
13. P. Bairoch (1972), ‘Free Trade and European Economic Development in the 19th Century’
14. F. Capie (1983), ‘Tariff Protection and Economic Performance in the Nineteenth Century’
15. C.P. Kindleberger (1951), ‘Group Behavior and International Trade’
16. F.J. Coppa (1970), ‘The Italian Tariff and the Conflict between Agriculture and Industry: The Commercial Policy of Liberal Italy, 1860–1922’
17. G. Toniolo (1977), ‘Effective Protection and Industrial Growth: The Case of Italian Engineering, 1898–1913’
18. S.B. Webb (1980), ‘Tariffs, Cartels, Technology and Growth in the German Steel Industry, 1879 to 1914’
D. Tariffs and Growth in the United States
19. I.B. Kravis (1972), ‘The Role of Exports in Nineteenth-Century United States Growth’
20. J.G. Williamson (1980), ‘Greasing the Wheels of Sputtering Export Engines: Midwestern Grains and American Growth’
21. G. Wright (1990), ‘The Origins of American Industrial Success, 1879–1940’
22. C.K. Harley (1992), ‘The Antebellum American Tariff: Food Exports and Manufacturing’
23. J.A. James (1981), ‘The Optimal Tariff in the Antebellum United States’
24. J.J. Pincus (1975), ‘Pressure Groups and the Pattern of Tariffs’
25. G.R. Hawke (1975), ‘The United States Tariff and Industrial Protection in the Late Nineteenth Century’
E. Trade and the Periphery
26. J. Gallagher and R. Robinson (1953), ‘The Imperialism of Free Trade’
27. J.R. Hanson, II (1977), ‘Diversification and Concentration of LDC Exports: Victorian Trends’
28. J.R. Hanson, II (1986), ‘Export Shares in the European Periphery and the Third World before World War I: Questionable Data, Facile Analogies’
29. I.T. Berend and G. Ranki (1980), ‘Foreign Trade and the Industrialization of the European Periphery in the XIXth Century’
30. P.J. Cain and A.G. Hopkins (1980), ‘The Political Economy of British Expansion Overseas, 1750–1914’
31. P.K. O’Brien (1988), ‘The Costs and Benefits of British Imperialism, 1846–1914’
32. K. Sugihara (1986), ‘Patterns of Asia’s Integration into the World Economy, 1880–1913’
Name Index
