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The Economics of Sport
The economics of sport exploded onto the academic teaching and research scene in the 1990s. This decade of intellectual effervescence is encapsulated in this state-of-the-art collection which reprints both classic work and more recent papers which may achieve classic status in the future. Andrew Zimbalist – widely recognised to be the leading authority in the field – has prepared a selection of articles which mark an important milestone in the development of sports economics. It will be an essential source of reference to a rapidly growing and widely dispersed literature.
More Information
Critical Acclaim
Contributors
Contents
More Information
The economics of sport exploded onto the academic teaching and research scene in the 1990s. This decade of intellectual effervescence is encapsulated in this state-of-the-art collection which reprints both classic work and more recent papers which may achieve classic status in the future. Andrew Zimbalist – widely recognised to be the leading authority in the field – has prepared a selection of articles which mark an important milestone in the development of sports economics. It will be an essential source of reference to a rapidly growing and widely dispersed literature.
Critical Acclaim
‘The Economics of Sport pulls together the key contributions to this growing sub-discipline over the last fifty years. The sports industry has a peculiar economics, first recognised by Rottenberg in his path-breaking article on the labour market in baseball published in 1956. Since then a number of economists have analysed the various aspects of the sports industry but their work has not received the attention it deserves. This two-volume collection will help redress the balance and put the economics of sport in its rightful place as an important sub-discipline in economics. The Economics of Sport is a one-stop guide to understanding one of the most important industries in the modern economy.’
– Bill Gerrard, Leeds University Business School, UK
– Bill Gerrard, Leeds University Business School, UK
Contributors
72 articles, dating from 1956 to 2000
Contributors include: R. Baade, J. Dworkin, R. Fort, J. Hausman, L. Kahn, R. Noll, J. Quirk, S. Rottenberg, G. Scully
Contributors include: R. Baade, J. Dworkin, R. Fort, J. Hausman, L. Kahn, R. Noll, J. Quirk, S. Rottenberg, G. Scully
Contents
Contents:
Volume I:
Acknowledgements
Introduction Andrew Zimbalist
PART I THEORY OF SPORTS LEAGUES
1. Simon Rottenberg (1956), ‘The Baseball Players’ Labor Market’
2. Walter C. Neale (1964), ‘The Peculiar Economics of Professional Sports’
3. J.C.H. Jones (1969), ‘The Economics of the National Hockey League’
4. Peter J. Sloane (1971), ‘The Economics of Professional Football: The Football Club as a Utility Maximizer’
5. Mohamed El-Hodiri and James Quirk (1971), ‘An Economic Model of a Professional Sports League’
6. George Daly and William J. Moore (1981), ‘Externalities, Property Rights and the Allocation of Resources in Major League Baseball’
7. Rodney Fort and James Quirk (1995), ‘Cross-subsidization, Incentives, and Outcomes in Professional Team Sports Leagues’
8. John Vrooman (1995), ‘A General Theory of Professional Sports Leagues’
9. Daniel R. Marburger (1997), ‘Gate Revenue Sharing and Luxury Taxes in Professional Sports’
10. Stefan Késenne (2000), ‘Revenue Sharing and Competitive Balance in Professional Team Sports’
PART II ANTITRUST ANALYSIS AND SPORTS LEAGUES
11. Daniel E. Lazaroff (1984), ‘The Antitrust Implications of Franchise Relocation Restrictions in Professional Sports’
12. Gary R. Roberts (1986), ‘The Single Entity Status of Sports Leagues Under Section 1 of the Sherman Act: An Alternative View’
PART III LABOR MARKETS: GENERAL
13. Gerald W. Scully (1974), ‘Pay and Performance in Major League Baseball’
14. Andrew Zimbalist (1992), ‘Salaries and Performance: Beyond the Scully Model’
15. James R. Chelius and James B. Dworkin (1980), ‘An Economic Analysis of Final-Offer Arbitration as a Conflict Resolution Device’
16. Lawrence M. Kahn (2000), ‘The Sports Business as a Labor Market Laboratory,’
17. Kenneth Lehn (1982), ‘Property Rights, Risk Sharing, and Player Disability in Major League Baseball’
18. Philip K. Porter and Gerald W. Scully (1982), ‘Measuring Managerial Efficiency: The Case of Baseball’
19. Kenneth Lehn (1984), ‘Information Asymmetries in Baseball’s Free Agent Market’
20. Philip K. Porter and Gerald W. Scully (1996), ‘The Distribution of Earnings and the Rules of the Game’
21. Frank A. Scott, Jr., James E. Long and Ken Somppi (1985), ‘Salary vs. Marginal Revenue Product Under Monopsony and Competition: The Case of Professional Basketball’
22. J.C.H. Jones and William D. Walsh (1988), ‘Salary Determination in the National Hockey League: The Effects of Skills, Franchise Characteristics, and Discrimination’
23. Lawrence M. Kahn (1993), ‘Free Agency, Long-Term Contracts and Compensation in Major League Baseball: Estimates from Panel Data’
24. Lawrence M. Kahn (1993), ‘Managerial Quality, Team Success, and Individual Player Performance in Major League Baseball’,
25. Anthony C. Krautmann and Margaret Oppenheimer (1994), ‘Free Agency and the Allocation of Labor in Major League Baseball’
26. Kevin B. Grier and Robert D. Tollison (1994), ‘The Rookie Draft and Competitive Balance: The Case of Professional Football’
27. Bradley T. Ewing (1995), ‘High School Athletics and the Wages of Black Males’
28. Timothy R. Hylan, Maureen J. Lage and Michael Treglia (1996), ‘The Coase Theorem, Free Agency, and Major League Baseball: A Panel Study of Pitcher Mobility from 1961 to 1992’
29. John Vrooman (1996), ‘The Baseball Players’ Labor Market Reconsidered’
30. Jerry A. Hausman and Gregory K. Leonard (1997), ‘Superstars in the National Basketball Association: Economic Value and Policy’
31. Todd L. Idson and Leo H. Kahane (2000), ‘Team Effects on Compensation: An Application to Salary Determination in the National Hockey League’
Name Index
Volume II:
Acknowledgements
An introduction by the editor to both volumes appears in Volume I
PART I LABOR MARKETS: DISCRIMINATION
1. James Gwartney and Charles Haworth (1974), ‘Employer Costs and Discrimination: The Case of Baseball’
2. Marshall H. Medoff (1975), ‘Racial Discrimination in Professional Baseball’
3. Lawrence M. Kahn and Peter D. Sherer (1988), ‘Racial Differences in Professional Basketball Players’ Compensation’
4. Clark Nardinelli and Curtis Simon (1990), ‘Customer Racial Discrimination in the Market for Memorabilia: The Case of Baseball’
5. Lawrence M. Kahn (1992), ‘The Effects of Race on Professional Football Players’ Compensation’
6. Neil Longley (1995), ‘Salary Discrimination in the National Hockey League: The Effects of Team Location’
7. David W. Findlay and Clifford E. Reid (1997), ‘Voting Behavior, Discrimination and the National Baseball Hall of Fame’
8. Barton Hughes Hamilton (1997), ‘Racial Discrimination and Professional Basketball Salaries in the 1990s’
9. Matthew S. Dey (1997), ‘Racial Differences in National Basketball Association Players’ Salaries: A New Look’
10. F. Andrew Hanssen and Torben Andersen (1999), ‘Has Discrimination Lessened Over Time? A Test Using Baseball’s All-Star Vote’
11. Joseph McGarrity, Harvey D. Palmer and Marc Poitras (1999), ‘Consumer Racial Discrimination: A Reassessment of the Market for Baseball Cards’
PART II DEMAND ESTIMATION
12. Roger G. Noll (1974), ‘Attendance and Price Setting’
13. John J. Siegfried and C. Elton Hinshaw (1979), ‘The Effect of Lifting Television Blackouts on Professional Football No-Shows’
14. Andrew M. Welki and Thomas J. Zlatoper (1994), ‘US Professional Football: The Demand for Game-Day Attendance in 1991’
15. Glenn Knowles, Keith Sherony and Mike Haupert (1992), ‘The Demand for Major League Baseball: A Test of the Uncertainty of Outcome Hypothesis’
16. Mark Baimbridge, Samuel Cameron and Peter Dawson (1996), ‘Satellite Television and the Demand for Football: A Whole New Ball Game?‘
17. David W. Boyd and Laura A. Boyd (1998), ‘The Home Field Advantage: Implications for the Pricing of Tickets to Professional Team Sporting Events’
18. Campbell Cowie and Mark Williams (1997), ‘The Economics of Sports Rights’
19. David Peel and Dennis Thomas (1997), ‘Handicaps, Outcome Uncertainty and Attendance Demand’
PART III ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SPORTS TEAMS AND FACILITIES
20. John Siegfried and Andrew Zimbalist (2000), ‘The Economics of Sports Facilities and their Communities’
21. John L. Crompton (1995), ‘Economic Impact Analysis of Sports Facilities and Events: Eleven Sources of Misapplication’
22. Robert A. Baade (1996), ‘Professional Sports as Catalysts for Metropolitan Economic Development’
23. Dennis Coates and Brad R. Humphreys (1999), ‘The Growth Effects of Sport Franchises, Stadia, and Arenas’
24. Philip K. Porter (1999), ‘Mega-Sports Events as Municipal Investments: A Critique of Impact Analysis’
PART IV ANALYSIS OF COLLEGE SPORTS
25. James V. Koch (1983), ‘Intercollegiate Athletics: An Economic Explanation’
26. Michael T. Maloney and Robert E. McCormick (1993), ‘An Examination of the Role that Intercollegiate Athletic Participation Plays in Academic Achievement: Athletes’ Feats in the Classroom’
27. Robert W. Brown (1993), ‘An Estimate of the Rent Generated by a Premium College Football Player’
28. Dale S. Bremmer and Randall G. Kesselring (1993), ‘The Advertising Effect of University Athletic Success: A Reappraisal of the Evidence’
29. Robert W. Brown (1994), ‘Measuring Cartel Rents in the College Basketball Player Recruitment Market’
30. Lawrence DeBrock, Wallace Hendricks and Roger Koenker (1996), ‘The Economics of Persistence: Graduation Rates of Athletes as Labor Market Choice’
31. E. Woodrow Eckard (1998), ‘The NCAA Cartel and Competitive Balance in College Football’
32. Daniel A. Rascher and Andrew D. Schwarz (2000), ‘Neither Reasonable nor Necessary: "Amateurism" in Big-Time College Sports’
PART V MISCELLANEOUS
33. Ronald G. Ehrenberg and Michael L. Bognanno (1990), ‘Do Tournaments Have Incentive Effects?’
34. Jonathan M. Orszag (1994), ‘A New Look at Incentive Effects and Golf Tournaments’
35. Angelo Cocco and J.C.H. Jones (1997), ‘On Going South: The Economics of Survival and Relocation of Small Market NHL Franchises in Canada’
36. Stefan Szymanski and Ron Smith (1997), ‘The English Football Industry: Profit, Performance and Industrial Structure’
37. Brian L. Goff, William F. Shughart II and Robert D. Tollison (1997), ‘Batter Up! Moral Hazard and the Effects of the Designated Hitter Rule on Hit Batsmen’
38. Gregory A. Trandel, Lawrence H. White and Peter G. Klein (1998), ‘The Effect of the Designated Hitter Rule on Hit Batsmen: Pitcher’s Moral Hazard or the Team’s Cost–Benefit Calculation? A Comment’
39. Brian L. Goff, William F. Shughart II and Robert D. Tollison (1998), ‘Moral Hazard and the Effects of the Designated Hitter Rule Revisited’
40. Roger C. Vergin and John J. Sosik (1999), ‘No Place Like Home: An Examination of the Home Field Advantage in Gambling Strategies in NFL Football’
41. Thomas Hoehn and Stefan Szymanski (1999), ‘The Americanization of European Football’
Name Index
Volume I:
Acknowledgements
Introduction Andrew Zimbalist
PART I THEORY OF SPORTS LEAGUES
1. Simon Rottenberg (1956), ‘The Baseball Players’ Labor Market’
2. Walter C. Neale (1964), ‘The Peculiar Economics of Professional Sports’
3. J.C.H. Jones (1969), ‘The Economics of the National Hockey League’
4. Peter J. Sloane (1971), ‘The Economics of Professional Football: The Football Club as a Utility Maximizer’
5. Mohamed El-Hodiri and James Quirk (1971), ‘An Economic Model of a Professional Sports League’
6. George Daly and William J. Moore (1981), ‘Externalities, Property Rights and the Allocation of Resources in Major League Baseball’
7. Rodney Fort and James Quirk (1995), ‘Cross-subsidization, Incentives, and Outcomes in Professional Team Sports Leagues’
8. John Vrooman (1995), ‘A General Theory of Professional Sports Leagues’
9. Daniel R. Marburger (1997), ‘Gate Revenue Sharing and Luxury Taxes in Professional Sports’
10. Stefan Késenne (2000), ‘Revenue Sharing and Competitive Balance in Professional Team Sports’
PART II ANTITRUST ANALYSIS AND SPORTS LEAGUES
11. Daniel E. Lazaroff (1984), ‘The Antitrust Implications of Franchise Relocation Restrictions in Professional Sports’
12. Gary R. Roberts (1986), ‘The Single Entity Status of Sports Leagues Under Section 1 of the Sherman Act: An Alternative View’
PART III LABOR MARKETS: GENERAL
13. Gerald W. Scully (1974), ‘Pay and Performance in Major League Baseball’
14. Andrew Zimbalist (1992), ‘Salaries and Performance: Beyond the Scully Model’
15. James R. Chelius and James B. Dworkin (1980), ‘An Economic Analysis of Final-Offer Arbitration as a Conflict Resolution Device’
16. Lawrence M. Kahn (2000), ‘The Sports Business as a Labor Market Laboratory,’
17. Kenneth Lehn (1982), ‘Property Rights, Risk Sharing, and Player Disability in Major League Baseball’
18. Philip K. Porter and Gerald W. Scully (1982), ‘Measuring Managerial Efficiency: The Case of Baseball’
19. Kenneth Lehn (1984), ‘Information Asymmetries in Baseball’s Free Agent Market’
20. Philip K. Porter and Gerald W. Scully (1996), ‘The Distribution of Earnings and the Rules of the Game’
21. Frank A. Scott, Jr., James E. Long and Ken Somppi (1985), ‘Salary vs. Marginal Revenue Product Under Monopsony and Competition: The Case of Professional Basketball’
22. J.C.H. Jones and William D. Walsh (1988), ‘Salary Determination in the National Hockey League: The Effects of Skills, Franchise Characteristics, and Discrimination’
23. Lawrence M. Kahn (1993), ‘Free Agency, Long-Term Contracts and Compensation in Major League Baseball: Estimates from Panel Data’
24. Lawrence M. Kahn (1993), ‘Managerial Quality, Team Success, and Individual Player Performance in Major League Baseball’,
25. Anthony C. Krautmann and Margaret Oppenheimer (1994), ‘Free Agency and the Allocation of Labor in Major League Baseball’
26. Kevin B. Grier and Robert D. Tollison (1994), ‘The Rookie Draft and Competitive Balance: The Case of Professional Football’
27. Bradley T. Ewing (1995), ‘High School Athletics and the Wages of Black Males’
28. Timothy R. Hylan, Maureen J. Lage and Michael Treglia (1996), ‘The Coase Theorem, Free Agency, and Major League Baseball: A Panel Study of Pitcher Mobility from 1961 to 1992’
29. John Vrooman (1996), ‘The Baseball Players’ Labor Market Reconsidered’
30. Jerry A. Hausman and Gregory K. Leonard (1997), ‘Superstars in the National Basketball Association: Economic Value and Policy’
31. Todd L. Idson and Leo H. Kahane (2000), ‘Team Effects on Compensation: An Application to Salary Determination in the National Hockey League’
Name Index
Volume II:
Acknowledgements
An introduction by the editor to both volumes appears in Volume I
PART I LABOR MARKETS: DISCRIMINATION
1. James Gwartney and Charles Haworth (1974), ‘Employer Costs and Discrimination: The Case of Baseball’
2. Marshall H. Medoff (1975), ‘Racial Discrimination in Professional Baseball’
3. Lawrence M. Kahn and Peter D. Sherer (1988), ‘Racial Differences in Professional Basketball Players’ Compensation’
4. Clark Nardinelli and Curtis Simon (1990), ‘Customer Racial Discrimination in the Market for Memorabilia: The Case of Baseball’
5. Lawrence M. Kahn (1992), ‘The Effects of Race on Professional Football Players’ Compensation’
6. Neil Longley (1995), ‘Salary Discrimination in the National Hockey League: The Effects of Team Location’
7. David W. Findlay and Clifford E. Reid (1997), ‘Voting Behavior, Discrimination and the National Baseball Hall of Fame’
8. Barton Hughes Hamilton (1997), ‘Racial Discrimination and Professional Basketball Salaries in the 1990s’
9. Matthew S. Dey (1997), ‘Racial Differences in National Basketball Association Players’ Salaries: A New Look’
10. F. Andrew Hanssen and Torben Andersen (1999), ‘Has Discrimination Lessened Over Time? A Test Using Baseball’s All-Star Vote’
11. Joseph McGarrity, Harvey D. Palmer and Marc Poitras (1999), ‘Consumer Racial Discrimination: A Reassessment of the Market for Baseball Cards’
PART II DEMAND ESTIMATION
12. Roger G. Noll (1974), ‘Attendance and Price Setting’
13. John J. Siegfried and C. Elton Hinshaw (1979), ‘The Effect of Lifting Television Blackouts on Professional Football No-Shows’
14. Andrew M. Welki and Thomas J. Zlatoper (1994), ‘US Professional Football: The Demand for Game-Day Attendance in 1991’
15. Glenn Knowles, Keith Sherony and Mike Haupert (1992), ‘The Demand for Major League Baseball: A Test of the Uncertainty of Outcome Hypothesis’
16. Mark Baimbridge, Samuel Cameron and Peter Dawson (1996), ‘Satellite Television and the Demand for Football: A Whole New Ball Game?‘
17. David W. Boyd and Laura A. Boyd (1998), ‘The Home Field Advantage: Implications for the Pricing of Tickets to Professional Team Sporting Events’
18. Campbell Cowie and Mark Williams (1997), ‘The Economics of Sports Rights’
19. David Peel and Dennis Thomas (1997), ‘Handicaps, Outcome Uncertainty and Attendance Demand’
PART III ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SPORTS TEAMS AND FACILITIES
20. John Siegfried and Andrew Zimbalist (2000), ‘The Economics of Sports Facilities and their Communities’
21. John L. Crompton (1995), ‘Economic Impact Analysis of Sports Facilities and Events: Eleven Sources of Misapplication’
22. Robert A. Baade (1996), ‘Professional Sports as Catalysts for Metropolitan Economic Development’
23. Dennis Coates and Brad R. Humphreys (1999), ‘The Growth Effects of Sport Franchises, Stadia, and Arenas’
24. Philip K. Porter (1999), ‘Mega-Sports Events as Municipal Investments: A Critique of Impact Analysis’
PART IV ANALYSIS OF COLLEGE SPORTS
25. James V. Koch (1983), ‘Intercollegiate Athletics: An Economic Explanation’
26. Michael T. Maloney and Robert E. McCormick (1993), ‘An Examination of the Role that Intercollegiate Athletic Participation Plays in Academic Achievement: Athletes’ Feats in the Classroom’
27. Robert W. Brown (1993), ‘An Estimate of the Rent Generated by a Premium College Football Player’
28. Dale S. Bremmer and Randall G. Kesselring (1993), ‘The Advertising Effect of University Athletic Success: A Reappraisal of the Evidence’
29. Robert W. Brown (1994), ‘Measuring Cartel Rents in the College Basketball Player Recruitment Market’
30. Lawrence DeBrock, Wallace Hendricks and Roger Koenker (1996), ‘The Economics of Persistence: Graduation Rates of Athletes as Labor Market Choice’
31. E. Woodrow Eckard (1998), ‘The NCAA Cartel and Competitive Balance in College Football’
32. Daniel A. Rascher and Andrew D. Schwarz (2000), ‘Neither Reasonable nor Necessary: "Amateurism" in Big-Time College Sports’
PART V MISCELLANEOUS
33. Ronald G. Ehrenberg and Michael L. Bognanno (1990), ‘Do Tournaments Have Incentive Effects?’
34. Jonathan M. Orszag (1994), ‘A New Look at Incentive Effects and Golf Tournaments’
35. Angelo Cocco and J.C.H. Jones (1997), ‘On Going South: The Economics of Survival and Relocation of Small Market NHL Franchises in Canada’
36. Stefan Szymanski and Ron Smith (1997), ‘The English Football Industry: Profit, Performance and Industrial Structure’
37. Brian L. Goff, William F. Shughart II and Robert D. Tollison (1997), ‘Batter Up! Moral Hazard and the Effects of the Designated Hitter Rule on Hit Batsmen’
38. Gregory A. Trandel, Lawrence H. White and Peter G. Klein (1998), ‘The Effect of the Designated Hitter Rule on Hit Batsmen: Pitcher’s Moral Hazard or the Team’s Cost–Benefit Calculation? A Comment’
39. Brian L. Goff, William F. Shughart II and Robert D. Tollison (1998), ‘Moral Hazard and the Effects of the Designated Hitter Rule Revisited’
40. Roger C. Vergin and John J. Sosik (1999), ‘No Place Like Home: An Examination of the Home Field Advantage in Gambling Strategies in NFL Football’
41. Thomas Hoehn and Stefan Szymanski (1999), ‘The Americanization of European Football’
Name Index