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The WTO and Agriculture
The WTO and Agriculture discusses the following questions: Why have agricultural markets been noted for relatively high degrees of government intervention and in particular for rising levels of protection? How was agricultural trade treated in the GATT and WTO? Has the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture helped to resolve trade conflicts in world markets? What new opportunities and challenges are on the horizon?
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Critical Acclaim
Contributors
Contents
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In both regional and multilateral trade negotiations farm trade issues have been by far the most contentious and difficult to conclude. WTO rules for agricultural trade have yet to be brought into line with those for other goods. As a result, legal agricultural trade disputes at the WTO account for about 40 per cent of cases to date, even though agriculture accounts for only seven per cent of international trade and five per cent of global output. This authoritative and timely collection presents the most important published articles on this subject.
The WTO and Agriculture discusses the following questions: Why have agricultural markets been noted for relatively high degrees of government intervention and in particular for rising levels of protection? How was agricultural trade treated in the GATT and WTO? Has the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture helped to resolve trade conflicts in world markets? What new opportunities and challenges are on the horizon?
This collection will be an accessible reference source not only for economists but also for those readers with a law or political science background.
The WTO and Agriculture discusses the following questions: Why have agricultural markets been noted for relatively high degrees of government intervention and in particular for rising levels of protection? How was agricultural trade treated in the GATT and WTO? Has the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture helped to resolve trade conflicts in world markets? What new opportunities and challenges are on the horizon?
This collection will be an accessible reference source not only for economists but also for those readers with a law or political science background.
Critical Acclaim
‘. . . the collection is an interesting mixture and is to be recommended for graduate students and scientists as well as policymakers.’
– Sabine Daude, Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture
‘Anderson and Josling are world-class experts on the economics of agriculture and its interface with WTO issues. Besides, the dismantling of agricultural trade barriers and subsidies is the next big agenda before the WTO. This book is therefore both topical and hugely instructive. No scholar or policymaker can afford not to read it.’
– Jagdish Bhagwati, Columbia University, US
‘This collection on the global trading system will be immensely helpful for scholars, students and analysts. The sound basis of trade research over the past three decades presented here highlights the opportunity for progress in economic development through open agriculture trade.’
– Joachim von Braun, Director General, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
‘The chaotic attempts to bring Food and Agriculture under international trading rules have generated a literature on the subject that is equally unruly. Kym Anderson and Timothy Josling have done a superb job in selecting key historical materials that explain past and present agricultural trade policy, and that provide useful signposts for the future on topics as diverse as state trading and GMOs. Professionals will find these two small volumes worthy substitutes for the hundreds of trade references that now clutter their bookshelves.’
– Walter P. Falcon, Stanford University, US
– Sabine Daude, Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture
‘Anderson and Josling are world-class experts on the economics of agriculture and its interface with WTO issues. Besides, the dismantling of agricultural trade barriers and subsidies is the next big agenda before the WTO. This book is therefore both topical and hugely instructive. No scholar or policymaker can afford not to read it.’
– Jagdish Bhagwati, Columbia University, US
‘This collection on the global trading system will be immensely helpful for scholars, students and analysts. The sound basis of trade research over the past three decades presented here highlights the opportunity for progress in economic development through open agriculture trade.’
– Joachim von Braun, Director General, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
‘The chaotic attempts to bring Food and Agriculture under international trading rules have generated a literature on the subject that is equally unruly. Kym Anderson and Timothy Josling have done a superb job in selecting key historical materials that explain past and present agricultural trade policy, and that provide useful signposts for the future on topics as diverse as state trading and GMOs. Professionals will find these two small volumes worthy substitutes for the hundreds of trade references that now clutter their bookshelves.’
– Walter P. Falcon, Stanford University, US
Contributors
39 articles, dating from 1945 to 2003
Contributors include: B.L. Gardner, Y. Hayami, D.G. Johnson, C. Kindleberger, G.C. Rausser, S. Robinson, S. Tangermann, A. Valdes, T.K. Warley
Contributors include: B.L. Gardner, Y. Hayami, D.G. Johnson, C. Kindleberger, G.C. Rausser, S. Robinson, S. Tangermann, A. Valdes, T.K. Warley
Contents
Contents:
Volume I
Acknowledgements
Introduction Kym Anderson and Tim Josling
PART I THE GROWTH OF AGRICULTURAL PROTECTIONISM
1. C.P. Kindleberger (1975), ‘The Rise of Free Trade in Western Europe, 1820–1875’
2. Kym Anderson, Yujiro Hayami and Masayoshi Honma (1986), ‘The Growth of Agricultural Protection’
3. Peter H. Lindert (1991), ‘Historical Patterns of Agricultural Policy’
4. Michael Tracy (1989), ‘The Formation of the Common Agricultural Policy’
5. Anne O. Krueger, Maurice Schiff and Alberto Valdés (1988), ‘Agricultural Incentives in Developing Countries: Measuring the Effect of Sectoral and Economywide Policies’
PART II DOMESTIC POLICIES AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE DISTORTIONS
6. D. Gale Johnson ([1973] 1991), ‘Politics and Economics and Farmers’, ‘New Directions for Agricultural Policy in the Industrial Countries’ and ‘Negotiations for Freer Trade in Agricultural Products’
7. Gordon C. Rausser (1982), ‘Political Economic Markets: PERTs and PESTs in Food and Agriculture’
8. Kym Anderson (1995), ‘Lobbying Incentives and the Pattern of Protection in Rich and Poor Countries’
9. Bruce L. Gardner (1987), ‘Causes of U.S. Farm Commodity Programs’
PART III QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF TRADE-DISTORTING POLICIES PRE-URUGUAY ROUND
10. Alberto Valdés and Joachim Zietz (1980), Agricultural Protection in OECD Countries: Its Cost to Less-Developed Countries
11. Tim Josling and Stefan Tangermann (1990), ‘Measuring Levels of Protection in Agriculture: A Survey of Approaches and Results’ and ‘Panel Discussion’
12. R. Tyers and K. Anderson (1988), ‘Liberalising OECD Agricultural Policies in the Uruguay Round: Effects on Trade and Welfare’
13. Vernon O. Roningen and Praveen M. Dixit (1989), How Level is the Playing Field? An Economic Analysis of Agricultural Policy Reforms in Industrial Market Economies
14. Sherman Robinson (1990), ‘Analysing Agricultural Trade Liberalization with Single Country Computable General Equilibrium Models’
PART IV GATT NEGOTIATIONS AND AGRICULTURAL POLICIES PRE-URUGUAY ROUND
15. Kenneth W. Dam (1970), ‘Temperate Agricultural Commodities’
16. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1958), ‘Agricultural Protectionism in the Industrial Countries’
17. T.K. Warley (1967), ‘Problems of World Trade in Agricultural Products’
18. William J. Davey (1993), ‘The Rules for Agricultural Trade in GATT’
19. Timothy E. Josling, Stefan Tangermann and T.K. Warley (1996), ‘Trade Rules in Crisis: The GATT Committee on Trade in Agriculture’
Name Index
Volume II
Acknowledgements
An introduction by the editors to both volumes appears in Volume I
PART I THE URUGUAY ROUND AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE
1. Dale E. Hathaway and Merlinda D. Ingco (1996), ‘Agricultural Liberalization and the Uruguay Round’
2. William D. Coleman and Stefan Tangermann (1999), ‘The 1992 CAP Reform, the Uruguay Round and the Commission: Conceptualizing Linked Policy Games’
3. Richard A. Higgott and Andrew Fenton Cooper (1990), ‘Middle Power Leadership and Coalition Building: Australia, the Cairns Group, and the Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations’
4. Kym Anderson (2001), ‘Bringing Discipline to Agricultural Policy via the WTO’
5. Stefan Tangermann (2002), ‘Agriculture on the Way to Firm International Trading Rules’
PART II THE URUGUAY ROUND AGREEMENT ON SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES
6. Donna Roberts (1998), ‘Preliminary Assessment of the Effects of the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Trade Regulations’
7. Richard H. Snape and David Orden (2001), ‘Integrating Import Risk and Trade Benefit Analysis’
8. Sallie James and Kym Anderson (1998), ‘On the Need for More Economic Assessment of Quarantine Policies’
PART III GATT/WTO AGRICULTURAL TRADE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
9. Louis L. Snyder (1945), ‘The American-German Pork Dispute, 1879–1891’
10. T. Josling and S. Tangermann (2003), ‘Production and Export Subsidies in Agriculture: Lessons from GATT and WTO Disputes Involving the US and the EC’
11. Jean-Christophe Bureau, Stephan Marette and Alessandra Schiavina (1998), ‘Non-tariff Trade Barriers and Consumers'' Information: The Case of the EU-US Trade Dispute Over Beef’
12. Tim Josling (2003), ‘Bananas and the WTO: Testing the New Dispute Settlement Process’
PART IV NEW NEGOTIATIONS AND “NEW” ISSUES FOR AGRICULTURE
13. Stefan Tangermann and Tim Josling (2001), ‘Issues in the Next Round of WTO Agricultural Negotiations’
14. Philip L. Paarlberg, Maury Bredahl and John G. Lee (2002), ‘Multifunctionality and Agricultural Trade Negotiations’
15. Kym Anderson (1992), ‘Agricultural Trade Liberalisation and the Environment: A Global Perspective’
16. Neil McCulloch, L. Alan Winters and Xavier Cirera (2001), ‘Agricultural Trade Reform’
17. Grant E. Isaac and William A. Kerr (2003), ‘Genetically Modified Organisms and Trade Rules: Identifying Important Challenges for the WTO’
18. David Blandford, Jean-Christophe Bureau, Linda Fulponi and Spencer Henson (2002), ‘Potential Implications of Animal Welfare Concerns and Public Policies in Industrialized Countries for International Trade’
19. Peter Holmes and Robert Read (2001), ‘Competition Policy, Agriculture and the WTO’
20. Tim Josling (1997), State Trading: The Achilles Heel of the WTO?
Name Index
Volume I
Acknowledgements
Introduction Kym Anderson and Tim Josling
PART I THE GROWTH OF AGRICULTURAL PROTECTIONISM
1. C.P. Kindleberger (1975), ‘The Rise of Free Trade in Western Europe, 1820–1875’
2. Kym Anderson, Yujiro Hayami and Masayoshi Honma (1986), ‘The Growth of Agricultural Protection’
3. Peter H. Lindert (1991), ‘Historical Patterns of Agricultural Policy’
4. Michael Tracy (1989), ‘The Formation of the Common Agricultural Policy’
5. Anne O. Krueger, Maurice Schiff and Alberto Valdés (1988), ‘Agricultural Incentives in Developing Countries: Measuring the Effect of Sectoral and Economywide Policies’
PART II DOMESTIC POLICIES AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE DISTORTIONS
6. D. Gale Johnson ([1973] 1991), ‘Politics and Economics and Farmers’, ‘New Directions for Agricultural Policy in the Industrial Countries’ and ‘Negotiations for Freer Trade in Agricultural Products’
7. Gordon C. Rausser (1982), ‘Political Economic Markets: PERTs and PESTs in Food and Agriculture’
8. Kym Anderson (1995), ‘Lobbying Incentives and the Pattern of Protection in Rich and Poor Countries’
9. Bruce L. Gardner (1987), ‘Causes of U.S. Farm Commodity Programs’
PART III QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF TRADE-DISTORTING POLICIES PRE-URUGUAY ROUND
10. Alberto Valdés and Joachim Zietz (1980), Agricultural Protection in OECD Countries: Its Cost to Less-Developed Countries
11. Tim Josling and Stefan Tangermann (1990), ‘Measuring Levels of Protection in Agriculture: A Survey of Approaches and Results’ and ‘Panel Discussion’
12. R. Tyers and K. Anderson (1988), ‘Liberalising OECD Agricultural Policies in the Uruguay Round: Effects on Trade and Welfare’
13. Vernon O. Roningen and Praveen M. Dixit (1989), How Level is the Playing Field? An Economic Analysis of Agricultural Policy Reforms in Industrial Market Economies
14. Sherman Robinson (1990), ‘Analysing Agricultural Trade Liberalization with Single Country Computable General Equilibrium Models’
PART IV GATT NEGOTIATIONS AND AGRICULTURAL POLICIES PRE-URUGUAY ROUND
15. Kenneth W. Dam (1970), ‘Temperate Agricultural Commodities’
16. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1958), ‘Agricultural Protectionism in the Industrial Countries’
17. T.K. Warley (1967), ‘Problems of World Trade in Agricultural Products’
18. William J. Davey (1993), ‘The Rules for Agricultural Trade in GATT’
19. Timothy E. Josling, Stefan Tangermann and T.K. Warley (1996), ‘Trade Rules in Crisis: The GATT Committee on Trade in Agriculture’
Name Index
Volume II
Acknowledgements
An introduction by the editors to both volumes appears in Volume I
PART I THE URUGUAY ROUND AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE
1. Dale E. Hathaway and Merlinda D. Ingco (1996), ‘Agricultural Liberalization and the Uruguay Round’
2. William D. Coleman and Stefan Tangermann (1999), ‘The 1992 CAP Reform, the Uruguay Round and the Commission: Conceptualizing Linked Policy Games’
3. Richard A. Higgott and Andrew Fenton Cooper (1990), ‘Middle Power Leadership and Coalition Building: Australia, the Cairns Group, and the Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations’
4. Kym Anderson (2001), ‘Bringing Discipline to Agricultural Policy via the WTO’
5. Stefan Tangermann (2002), ‘Agriculture on the Way to Firm International Trading Rules’
PART II THE URUGUAY ROUND AGREEMENT ON SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES
6. Donna Roberts (1998), ‘Preliminary Assessment of the Effects of the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Trade Regulations’
7. Richard H. Snape and David Orden (2001), ‘Integrating Import Risk and Trade Benefit Analysis’
8. Sallie James and Kym Anderson (1998), ‘On the Need for More Economic Assessment of Quarantine Policies’
PART III GATT/WTO AGRICULTURAL TRADE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
9. Louis L. Snyder (1945), ‘The American-German Pork Dispute, 1879–1891’
10. T. Josling and S. Tangermann (2003), ‘Production and Export Subsidies in Agriculture: Lessons from GATT and WTO Disputes Involving the US and the EC’
11. Jean-Christophe Bureau, Stephan Marette and Alessandra Schiavina (1998), ‘Non-tariff Trade Barriers and Consumers'' Information: The Case of the EU-US Trade Dispute Over Beef’
12. Tim Josling (2003), ‘Bananas and the WTO: Testing the New Dispute Settlement Process’
PART IV NEW NEGOTIATIONS AND “NEW” ISSUES FOR AGRICULTURE
13. Stefan Tangermann and Tim Josling (2001), ‘Issues in the Next Round of WTO Agricultural Negotiations’
14. Philip L. Paarlberg, Maury Bredahl and John G. Lee (2002), ‘Multifunctionality and Agricultural Trade Negotiations’
15. Kym Anderson (1992), ‘Agricultural Trade Liberalisation and the Environment: A Global Perspective’
16. Neil McCulloch, L. Alan Winters and Xavier Cirera (2001), ‘Agricultural Trade Reform’
17. Grant E. Isaac and William A. Kerr (2003), ‘Genetically Modified Organisms and Trade Rules: Identifying Important Challenges for the WTO’
18. David Blandford, Jean-Christophe Bureau, Linda Fulponi and Spencer Henson (2002), ‘Potential Implications of Animal Welfare Concerns and Public Policies in Industrialized Countries for International Trade’
19. Peter Holmes and Robert Read (2001), ‘Competition Policy, Agriculture and the WTO’
20. Tim Josling (1997), State Trading: The Achilles Heel of the WTO?
Name Index
