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Handbook on Cities and Complexity
Written by some of the founders of complexity theory and complexity theories of cities (CTC), this Handbook expertly guides the reader through over forty years of intertwined developments: the emergence of general theories of complex self-organized systems and the consequent emergence of CTC.
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Critical Acclaim
Contributors
Contents
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Written by some of the founders of complexity theory and complexity theories of cities (CTC), this Handbook expertly guides the reader through over forty years of intertwined developments: the emergence of general theories of complex self-organized systems and the consequent emergence of CTC.
Examining studies from the end of 1970 through to the current leading approach to urbanism, planning and design, the book provides an up-to-date snapshot of CTC. Insightful chapters are split into five parts covering the early foundations of the topic, the evolution of towns and cities and urban complexity, the links between complexity, languages and cities, modelling traffic and parking in cities, and urban planning and design. The Handbook on Cities and Complexity concludes with the contributors’ personal statements on their observations of COVID-19’s impact upon global cities.
This book will be an invaluable resource for those researching cities and complexity and also for scholars of urban studies, planning, physics, mathematics, AI, and architecture.
Examining studies from the end of 1970 through to the current leading approach to urbanism, planning and design, the book provides an up-to-date snapshot of CTC. Insightful chapters are split into five parts covering the early foundations of the topic, the evolution of towns and cities and urban complexity, the links between complexity, languages and cities, modelling traffic and parking in cities, and urban planning and design. The Handbook on Cities and Complexity concludes with the contributors’ personal statements on their observations of COVID-19’s impact upon global cities.
This book will be an invaluable resource for those researching cities and complexity and also for scholars of urban studies, planning, physics, mathematics, AI, and architecture.
Critical Acclaim
‘This is a fascinating collection of discussions by leading authors, ranging from philosophical perspectives to conceptual frameworks and mathematical models across many disciplines. A unifying theme is the role of human cognition and decision making, addressed via psychology, uncertainty and risk, evolutionary game theory, behavioral economics and more. The book should be a reference to anyone interested in the history of the field and as a source of ideas for the opportunities (and challenges) of treating cities as complex systems in contrast to less holistic approaches to urban planning and policy.’
– Luis Bettencourt, University of Chicago, US
– Luis Bettencourt, University of Chicago, US
Contributors
Contributors: Christopher Alexander, Peter M. Allen, Koen Bandsma, Marc Barthelemy, Michael Batty, Itzhak Benenson, Efrat Blumenfeld Liebetrhal, Yanguang Chen, Daniele Chiffi, Gert de Roo, Sara Encarnação, Pierre Frankhauser, Nir Fulman, Carlos Gershenson, Nick Green, Hermann Haken, Shlomo Havlin, Orr Levy, Stephen Marshall, Stefano Moroni, Jorge M. Pacheco, Alan Penn, Margarida Pereira, Juval Portugali, Denise Pumain, Carlo Ratti, Ward S. Rauws, Paolo Santi, Fernando P. Santos, Francisco C. Santos, Nimrod Serok, Vincent Verbavatz
Contents
Contents:
Introduction to the Handbook on Cities and Complexity 1
Juval Portugali
PART I FOUNDATIONS
1 Cities, complexity and beyond 13
Juval Portugali
2 The emergence of complexity theories: an outline 28
Hermann Haken
3 City systems and complexity 48
Michael Batty
4 Major transitions in the story of urban complexity 64
Stephen Marshall and Nick Green
PART II COMPLEXITY THEORIES OF CITIES
5 Complexity: the evolution and planning of towns and cities 86
Peter M. Allen
6 Synergetic cities 108
Juval Portugali and Hermann Haken
7 Co-evolution as the secret of urban complexity 136
Denise Pumain
8 Fractal geometry for analyzing and modeling urban patterns and planning
sustainable cities 154
Pierre Frankhauser
9 Scaling, fractals and the spatial complexity of cities 176
Yanguang Chen
10 Cybernetic cities: designing and controlling adaptive and robust urban
systems 195
Carlos Gershenson, Paolo Santi and Carlo Ratti
PART III COMPLEXITY, LANGUAGE AND CITIES
11 New concepts in complexity theory arising from studies in the field of
architecture: an overview of the four books of the nature of order with
emphasis on the scientific problems which are raised 210
Christopher Alexander
12 The dialectic as driver of complexity in urban and social systems 233
Alan Penn
PART IV MODELING COMPLEX CITIES
13 Modelling car traffic in cities 260
Vincent Verbavatz and Marc Barthelemy
14 Studying the dynamics of urban traffic flows using percolation: a new
methodology for real-time urban and transportation planning 274
Nimrod Serok, Orr Levy, Shlomo Havlin and Efrat Blumenfeld Lieberthal
15 The simple complex phenomenon of urban parking 295
Itzhak Benenson and Nir Fulman
PART V COMPLEXITY, PLANNING AND DESIGN
16 Complexity and uncertainty: implications for urban planning 319
Stefano Moroni and Daniele Chiffi
17 Tailoring nudges to self-organising behavioural patterns in public space 331
Koen Bandsma, Ward S. Rauws and Gert de Roo
18 Evolutionary games in cities and urban planning 349
Sara Encarna..o, Fernando P. Santos, Francisco C. Santos, Margarida
Pereira, Jorge M. Pacheco and Juval Portugali
19 Homo faber, Homo ludens and the city: a SIRNIA view on urban planning
and design 370
Juval Portugali
Epilogue: cities and complexity in the time of COVID-19 391
Hermann Haken, Juval Portugali, Michael Batty, Stephen Marshall, Nick Green,
Peter M. Allen, Pierre Frankhauser, Carlos Gershenson, Alan Penn, Vincent
Verbavatz, Marc Barthelemy, Daniele Chiffi, Stefano Moroni, Koen Bandsma,
Ward S. Rauws and Gert de Roo
Index
Introduction to the Handbook on Cities and Complexity 1
Juval Portugali
PART I FOUNDATIONS
1 Cities, complexity and beyond 13
Juval Portugali
2 The emergence of complexity theories: an outline 28
Hermann Haken
3 City systems and complexity 48
Michael Batty
4 Major transitions in the story of urban complexity 64
Stephen Marshall and Nick Green
PART II COMPLEXITY THEORIES OF CITIES
5 Complexity: the evolution and planning of towns and cities 86
Peter M. Allen
6 Synergetic cities 108
Juval Portugali and Hermann Haken
7 Co-evolution as the secret of urban complexity 136
Denise Pumain
8 Fractal geometry for analyzing and modeling urban patterns and planning
sustainable cities 154
Pierre Frankhauser
9 Scaling, fractals and the spatial complexity of cities 176
Yanguang Chen
10 Cybernetic cities: designing and controlling adaptive and robust urban
systems 195
Carlos Gershenson, Paolo Santi and Carlo Ratti
PART III COMPLEXITY, LANGUAGE AND CITIES
11 New concepts in complexity theory arising from studies in the field of
architecture: an overview of the four books of the nature of order with
emphasis on the scientific problems which are raised 210
Christopher Alexander
12 The dialectic as driver of complexity in urban and social systems 233
Alan Penn
PART IV MODELING COMPLEX CITIES
13 Modelling car traffic in cities 260
Vincent Verbavatz and Marc Barthelemy
14 Studying the dynamics of urban traffic flows using percolation: a new
methodology for real-time urban and transportation planning 274
Nimrod Serok, Orr Levy, Shlomo Havlin and Efrat Blumenfeld Lieberthal
15 The simple complex phenomenon of urban parking 295
Itzhak Benenson and Nir Fulman
PART V COMPLEXITY, PLANNING AND DESIGN
16 Complexity and uncertainty: implications for urban planning 319
Stefano Moroni and Daniele Chiffi
17 Tailoring nudges to self-organising behavioural patterns in public space 331
Koen Bandsma, Ward S. Rauws and Gert de Roo
18 Evolutionary games in cities and urban planning 349
Sara Encarna..o, Fernando P. Santos, Francisco C. Santos, Margarida
Pereira, Jorge M. Pacheco and Juval Portugali
19 Homo faber, Homo ludens and the city: a SIRNIA view on urban planning
and design 370
Juval Portugali
Epilogue: cities and complexity in the time of COVID-19 391
Hermann Haken, Juval Portugali, Michael Batty, Stephen Marshall, Nick Green,
Peter M. Allen, Pierre Frankhauser, Carlos Gershenson, Alan Penn, Vincent
Verbavatz, Marc Barthelemy, Daniele Chiffi, Stefano Moroni, Koen Bandsma,
Ward S. Rauws and Gert de Roo
Index
