Figure 5.4 Substation 33 output indicators, suggested measures and ease of measurement. Elaboration from: Burkett et al. (2020).

Figure 6.1 Programme logic model. Adapted from BEIS (2020c).

Figure 6.2 Example of a project logic model and underpinning assumptions. Adapted from BEIS (2020a).

Figure 8.1 Vision, mission and promise of EIT Climate-KIC from Transformation, In Time (2018) and the Theory of Change of the Social Activation and Experimentation Team.

Figure 9.1 The initial Theory of Change map resulting from the first consortium workshop.

Figure 9.2 Redeveloped Theory of Change for DESIGNSCAPES: Achromatic colour coding is used to split the stages of the map into activities (soft cornered white boxes), outputs (light grey), short-term outcomes (white patterned), medium-term outcomes (dark grey). and long-term outcomes (black). The relevant causal and contextual assumptions that are made for each link in the chain are labelled in the white dashed border call-out boxes.

Figure 10.1 GCRF’s Theory of Change diagram, from interventions to impact (Source: Itad, with design by Fruit).

Figure 10.2 Detail of the ‘washing machine’ cycle of replication and amplification of research and innovation, from the GCRF ToC. (Source: Itad, with design by Fruit).

Figure 10.3 Example strategies that help position the research for use.

Figure 10.4 Example strategies that help position the research for use.

Figure 12.1 Temporary uses key benefits in urban regeneration, Source: T-Factor project, 2021.

Figure 12.3 T-Factor Theory of Change.

Figure 12.4 T-Factor General Impact Framework.

Figure 15.2 OIUK Programme Theory of Change.

Figure 15.4 Causal map showing causal factors which include the words 'agriculture/agricultural' or 'farm' as well as factors one step upstream or downstream of them, zoomed out to the top level and simplified to show only the most frequent factors and links.

Figure 15.5 Causal map showing an automatic summary of all causal links. Hierarchical factors are 'zoomed out' to the most general level, showing the least detail, and only 15 of the most frequently mentioned connections are shown.

Figure 16.2 Paths detailing registering for GoAnywhere (top) and using the car sharing service (bottom).

Figure 16.3 A simplified view of the emergent map of the mobility experience ecosystem in UpCity.

Figure 16.4 UpCity GoAnywhere ToC map.

Figure 16.5 UpCity GoAnywhere ToC map with leverage points displayed.

Figure 18.1 Portfolio CONTO. Developed by CHÔRA Foundation, 2022.

Figure 18.2 Stencil CONTO. Developed by CHÔRA Foundation, 2022.

Figure 18.5 Portfolio Stencil Process. Developed by CHÔRA Foundation, 2022.

Figure 18.6 Visuospatial representation of La Paz Renewed Work Portfolio. Cubes represent Positions and the ‘floor’ represents Areas of Interest. Developed by CHÔRA Foundation for UNDP Bolivia Country Office, 2021.

Figure 18.7 Visuospatial representation of the CEF Skopje Biowaste Portfolio. Developed by CHÔRA Foundation for UNDP North Macedonia Country Office, 2021.

Figure 18.8 Visual representation of the Bangkok Tourism Portfolio. From inside to outside, the circles display Areas of Interest, Positions and Options. Developed by CHÔRA Foundation for UNDP Bangkok Country Office, 2021.

Figure 19.1 Theory of Change in the initial evaluation strategy.

Figure 19.3 The second iteration of the Theory of Change of the TCBL project.