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Customary International Law
This research collection provides a comprehensive spectrum of articles published in the last seven decades in the field of customary international law. International custom “as evidence of a general practice accepted as law”, is considered one of the two main sources of international law as it primarily derives from the conduct of sovereign States, but is also closely connected with the role of the international judge when identifying the applicable customary rule, a function it shares with the bodies in charge of its codification (and progressive development), starting with the International Law Commission. Though mainly considered to be general international law, international custom has a complex relationship with many specific fields of law and specific regions of the world. Alongside the key articles, this important collection includes an original introduction by the editor and will be invaluable to everyone interested in the subject
More Information
Contributors
Contents
More Information
This research collection provides a comprehensive spectrum of articles published in the last seven decades in the field of customary international law. International custom “as evidence of a general practice accepted as law”, is considered one of the two main sources of international law as it primarily derives from the conduct of sovereign States, but is also closely connected with the role of the international judge when identifying the applicable customary rule, a function it shares with the bodies in charge of its codification (and progressive development), starting with the International Law Commission. Though mainly considered to be general international law, international custom has a complex relationship with many specific fields of law and specific regions of the world. Alongside the key articles, this important collection includes an original introduction by the editor and will be invaluable to everyone interested in the subject.
Contributors
41 articles, dating from 1947 to 2018
Contributors include: G. Abi-Saab, J. Charney, L. Condorelli, A. d’Amato, R. Jennings, D. McRae, M. Mendelson, M. Riesman, M. Virally, A. Watts, P. Weil, M. Wood
Contributors include: G. Abi-Saab, J. Charney, L. Condorelli, A. d’Amato, R. Jennings, D. McRae, M. Mendelson, M. Riesman, M. Virally, A. Watts, P. Weil, M. Wood
Contents
Contents:
Acknowledgements
Introduction Pierre-Marie Dupuy
PART I INTERNATIONAL CUSTOM AS A SOURCE OF LAW [215 pp]
1. W. Michael Reisman (1987), ‘The Cult of Custom in the Late 20th Century’, California Western International Law Journal, 17, 133–45 [13]
2. Michel Virally (1968), ’The Sources of International Law’, in Max Sørensen (ed.), Manual of Public International Law, Chapter 3, London, UK: Macmillan and Co. Ltd, 130–44 [15]
3. Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga (1988), ‘Custom’, in Antonio Cassese and Joseph H. H. Weiler (eds), Change and Stability in International Law-Making, Part I, Chapter I, Section I (A), Berlin, Germany: Walter De Gruyter and Co., 1–4 [4]
4. Luigi Condorelli (1991), ‘Custom’, in Mohammed Bedjaoui (ed.), International Law: Achievements and Prospects, Part I, Chapter 7, Paris, France: UNESCO and Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 179–211 [33]
5. Jonathan I. Charney (1993), ‘Universal International Law’, American Journal of International Law, 87 (4), October, 529–51 [23]
6. Anthony D’Amato (1998), ‘Customary International Law: A Reformulation’, International Legal Theory, IV (1), 1–7 [7]
7. Alexander Orakhelashvili (2008), ‘Natural Law and Customary Law’, Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, 68, 69–110 [42]
8. Anthea Elizabeth Roberts (2001), ‘Traditional and Modern Approaches to Customary International Law: A Reconciliation’, American Journal of International Law, 95 (4), October, 757–91 [35]
9. Robert Kolb (2003), ‘Selected Problems in the Theory of Customary International Law’, Netherlands International Law Review, 50 (2), August, 119–50 [32]
10. Luigi Condorelli (2012), ‘Customary International Law: The Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow of General International Law’, in Antonio Cassese (ed.), Realizing Utopia the Future of International Law, Chapter 12, Oxford, UK and New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 147–57 [11]
PART II THE MAKING OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW [223 pp]
11. I. C. MacGibbon (1957), ‘Customary International Law and Acquiescence’, British Yearbook of International Law, 33, 115–45 [31]
12. Prosper Weil (1983), ‘Towards Relative Normativity in International Law?’, American Journal of International Law, 77 (3), July, 413–42 [30]
13. Jonathan I. Charney (1986), ‘The Persistent Objector Rule and the Development of Customary International Law’, British Yearbook of International Law, 56 (1), 1–24 [24]
14. C. M. Chinkin (1989), ‘The Challenge of Soft Law: Development and Change in International Law’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 38 (4), October, 850–66 [17]
15. Maurice Mendelson (1996), ‘The Subjective Element in Customary International Law’, British Yearbook of International Law, 66 (1), 177–208
[32]
16. Oscar Schachter (1996), ‘New Custom: Power, Opinio Juris and Contrary Practice’, in Jerzy Makarczyk (ed.), Theory of International Law at the Threshold of the 21st Century: Essays in Honour of Krzysztof Skubiszewski, Part II, The Hague, the Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 531–40 [10]
17. Gaetano Arangio-Ruiz (2007), ‘Customary Law: A Few More Thoughts about the Theory of “Spontaneous” International Custom‘, in Droit du Pouvoir, Pouvoir du Droit: Mélanges offerts à Jean Salmon, Part II, Chapter 6, Brussels, Belgium: Bruylant Publishers, 93–124 [32]
18. Georges Abi-Saab (2008), ‘The Process of Custom Formation in Contemporary International Law’, in P. Askary and J-M. Henckaerts (eds), Proceedings of the Conference on Customary International Humanitarian Law, 17–19 November 2008, Tehran, Iran: International Committee of the Red Cross, 105–15, errata [11]
19. United Nations International Law Commission (2018), ‘Draft Conclusions on Identification of Customary International Law with Commentaries’, (A/73/10), 121–56
[36]
PART III THE INTERNATIONAL JUDGE AND CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL
LAW [165 pp]
20. H. C. M. Charlesworth (1987), ‘Customary International Law and the Nicaragua Case’, Australian Year Book of International Law, 11, 1–31 [31]
21. Frederic L. Kirgis, Jr. (1987), ‘Custom on a Sliding Scale’, American Journal of International Law, 81 (1), January, 146–51 [6]
22. Daniel Bodansky (1999), ‘Non Liquet and the Incompleteness of International Law’, in Laurence Boisson de Chazournes and Philippe Sands (eds), International Law, the International Court of Justice and Nuclear Weapons, Part II, Chapter 10, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 153–70 [18]
23. Alberto Alvarez-Jiménez (2011), ‘Methods for the Identification of Customary International Law in the International Court of Justice’s Jurisprudence: 2000–2009’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 60 (3), July, 681–712 [32]
24. Peter Tomka (2013), ‘Custom and the International Court of Justice’, Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, 12 (2), 195–216 [22]
25. Stefan Talmon (2015), ‘Determining Customary International Law: The ICJ’s Methodology between Induction, Deduction and Assertion’, European Journal of International Law, 26 (2), May, 417–43 [27]
26. Niels Petersen (2017), ‘The International Court of Justice and the Judicial Politics of Identifying Customary International Law’, European Journal of International Law, 28 (2), May, 357–85 [29]
PART IV THE CODIFICATION OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW [82 pp]
27. R. Y. Jennings (1947), ‘The Progressive Development of International Law and its Codification’, British Yearbook of International Law, 24, 301–29
[29]
28. H. Lauterpacht (1955), ‘Codification and Development of International Law’, American Journal of International Law, 49 (1), January, 16–43 [28]
29. Donald McRae (2013), ‘The Interrelationship of Codification and Progressive Development in the Work of the International Law Commission’, Journal of International Law and Diplomacy, Kokusaiho Gaiko Zassi (ed), 111 (4), March, 75–94 [20]
30. United Nations (2019), ‘Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 2018’, (73/203)’, 1–5 [5]
PART V CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW AND TREATY LAW [66 pp]
31. Grigory Tunkin (1993), ‘Is General International Law Customary Law Only?’, European Journal of International Law, 4 (4), 534–41 [8]
32. D. W. Bowett (1993), ‘Treaty Revision in the Light of the Evolution of Customary International Law’, African Journal of International and Comparative Law, 5, 84–96 [13]
33. Arthur Watts (2002), ‘The International Court and the Continuing Customary International Law of Treaties’, in Nisuke Ando, Edward McWhinney, Rüdiger Wolfrum and Betsy Baker Röben (eds), Liber Amicorum Judge Shigeru Oda: Volume 1, Part III, The Hague, the Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 251–66 [16]
34. Bing Bing Jia (2010), ‘The Relations between Treaties and Custom’, Chinese Journal of International Law, 9 (1), March, 81–109 [29]
PART VI PARTICULAR AND ‘SPECIAL’ CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW
[124 pp]
35. Anthony D’Amato (1969), ‘The Concept of Special Custom in International Law’, American Journal of International Law, 63 (2), April, 211–24 [14]
36. Antonio Cassese (1999), ‘Ex Iniuria Ius Oritur: Are We Moving towards International Legitimation of Forcible Humanitarian Countermeasures in the World Community?’, European Journal of International Law, 10 (1), 23–30 [8]
37. Theodor Meron (2005), ‘Revival of Customary Humanitarian Law’, American Journal of International Law, 99 (4), October, 817–34 [18]
38. Pierre-Marie Dupuy (2007), ‘Formation of Customary International Law and General Principles’, in Daniel Bodansky, Jutta Brunnée and Ellen Hey (eds), The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law, Part IV, Chapter 19, New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 449–66
[18]
39. Jorge E. Viñuales (2014), ‘Customary Law in Investment Regulation’, Italian Yearbook of International Law, 23 (1), November, 23–48 [26]
40. Campbell McLachlan (2016), ‘Is There an Evolving Customary International Law on Investment?’, ICSID Review, 31 (2), Spring, 257–69
[13]
41. Brian McGarry (2017), ‘The Development of Custom in Territorial Dispute Settlement’, Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 8 (2), May, 339–65 [27]
Volume Total: 875 pp
Acknowledgements
Introduction Pierre-Marie Dupuy
PART I INTERNATIONAL CUSTOM AS A SOURCE OF LAW [215 pp]
1. W. Michael Reisman (1987), ‘The Cult of Custom in the Late 20th Century’, California Western International Law Journal, 17, 133–45 [13]
2. Michel Virally (1968), ’The Sources of International Law’, in Max Sørensen (ed.), Manual of Public International Law, Chapter 3, London, UK: Macmillan and Co. Ltd, 130–44 [15]
3. Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga (1988), ‘Custom’, in Antonio Cassese and Joseph H. H. Weiler (eds), Change and Stability in International Law-Making, Part I, Chapter I, Section I (A), Berlin, Germany: Walter De Gruyter and Co., 1–4 [4]
4. Luigi Condorelli (1991), ‘Custom’, in Mohammed Bedjaoui (ed.), International Law: Achievements and Prospects, Part I, Chapter 7, Paris, France: UNESCO and Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 179–211 [33]
5. Jonathan I. Charney (1993), ‘Universal International Law’, American Journal of International Law, 87 (4), October, 529–51 [23]
6. Anthony D’Amato (1998), ‘Customary International Law: A Reformulation’, International Legal Theory, IV (1), 1–7 [7]
7. Alexander Orakhelashvili (2008), ‘Natural Law and Customary Law’, Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, 68, 69–110 [42]
8. Anthea Elizabeth Roberts (2001), ‘Traditional and Modern Approaches to Customary International Law: A Reconciliation’, American Journal of International Law, 95 (4), October, 757–91 [35]
9. Robert Kolb (2003), ‘Selected Problems in the Theory of Customary International Law’, Netherlands International Law Review, 50 (2), August, 119–50 [32]
10. Luigi Condorelli (2012), ‘Customary International Law: The Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow of General International Law’, in Antonio Cassese (ed.), Realizing Utopia the Future of International Law, Chapter 12, Oxford, UK and New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 147–57 [11]
PART II THE MAKING OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW [223 pp]
11. I. C. MacGibbon (1957), ‘Customary International Law and Acquiescence’, British Yearbook of International Law, 33, 115–45 [31]
12. Prosper Weil (1983), ‘Towards Relative Normativity in International Law?’, American Journal of International Law, 77 (3), July, 413–42 [30]
13. Jonathan I. Charney (1986), ‘The Persistent Objector Rule and the Development of Customary International Law’, British Yearbook of International Law, 56 (1), 1–24 [24]
14. C. M. Chinkin (1989), ‘The Challenge of Soft Law: Development and Change in International Law’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 38 (4), October, 850–66 [17]
15. Maurice Mendelson (1996), ‘The Subjective Element in Customary International Law’, British Yearbook of International Law, 66 (1), 177–208
[32]
16. Oscar Schachter (1996), ‘New Custom: Power, Opinio Juris and Contrary Practice’, in Jerzy Makarczyk (ed.), Theory of International Law at the Threshold of the 21st Century: Essays in Honour of Krzysztof Skubiszewski, Part II, The Hague, the Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 531–40 [10]
17. Gaetano Arangio-Ruiz (2007), ‘Customary Law: A Few More Thoughts about the Theory of “Spontaneous” International Custom‘, in Droit du Pouvoir, Pouvoir du Droit: Mélanges offerts à Jean Salmon, Part II, Chapter 6, Brussels, Belgium: Bruylant Publishers, 93–124 [32]
18. Georges Abi-Saab (2008), ‘The Process of Custom Formation in Contemporary International Law’, in P. Askary and J-M. Henckaerts (eds), Proceedings of the Conference on Customary International Humanitarian Law, 17–19 November 2008, Tehran, Iran: International Committee of the Red Cross, 105–15, errata [11]
19. United Nations International Law Commission (2018), ‘Draft Conclusions on Identification of Customary International Law with Commentaries’, (A/73/10), 121–56
[36]
PART III THE INTERNATIONAL JUDGE AND CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL
LAW [165 pp]
20. H. C. M. Charlesworth (1987), ‘Customary International Law and the Nicaragua Case’, Australian Year Book of International Law, 11, 1–31 [31]
21. Frederic L. Kirgis, Jr. (1987), ‘Custom on a Sliding Scale’, American Journal of International Law, 81 (1), January, 146–51 [6]
22. Daniel Bodansky (1999), ‘Non Liquet and the Incompleteness of International Law’, in Laurence Boisson de Chazournes and Philippe Sands (eds), International Law, the International Court of Justice and Nuclear Weapons, Part II, Chapter 10, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 153–70 [18]
23. Alberto Alvarez-Jiménez (2011), ‘Methods for the Identification of Customary International Law in the International Court of Justice’s Jurisprudence: 2000–2009’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 60 (3), July, 681–712 [32]
24. Peter Tomka (2013), ‘Custom and the International Court of Justice’, Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, 12 (2), 195–216 [22]
25. Stefan Talmon (2015), ‘Determining Customary International Law: The ICJ’s Methodology between Induction, Deduction and Assertion’, European Journal of International Law, 26 (2), May, 417–43 [27]
26. Niels Petersen (2017), ‘The International Court of Justice and the Judicial Politics of Identifying Customary International Law’, European Journal of International Law, 28 (2), May, 357–85 [29]
PART IV THE CODIFICATION OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW [82 pp]
27. R. Y. Jennings (1947), ‘The Progressive Development of International Law and its Codification’, British Yearbook of International Law, 24, 301–29
[29]
28. H. Lauterpacht (1955), ‘Codification and Development of International Law’, American Journal of International Law, 49 (1), January, 16–43 [28]
29. Donald McRae (2013), ‘The Interrelationship of Codification and Progressive Development in the Work of the International Law Commission’, Journal of International Law and Diplomacy, Kokusaiho Gaiko Zassi (ed), 111 (4), March, 75–94 [20]
30. United Nations (2019), ‘Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 2018’, (73/203)’, 1–5 [5]
PART V CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW AND TREATY LAW [66 pp]
31. Grigory Tunkin (1993), ‘Is General International Law Customary Law Only?’, European Journal of International Law, 4 (4), 534–41 [8]
32. D. W. Bowett (1993), ‘Treaty Revision in the Light of the Evolution of Customary International Law’, African Journal of International and Comparative Law, 5, 84–96 [13]
33. Arthur Watts (2002), ‘The International Court and the Continuing Customary International Law of Treaties’, in Nisuke Ando, Edward McWhinney, Rüdiger Wolfrum and Betsy Baker Röben (eds), Liber Amicorum Judge Shigeru Oda: Volume 1, Part III, The Hague, the Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 251–66 [16]
34. Bing Bing Jia (2010), ‘The Relations between Treaties and Custom’, Chinese Journal of International Law, 9 (1), March, 81–109 [29]
PART VI PARTICULAR AND ‘SPECIAL’ CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW
[124 pp]
35. Anthony D’Amato (1969), ‘The Concept of Special Custom in International Law’, American Journal of International Law, 63 (2), April, 211–24 [14]
36. Antonio Cassese (1999), ‘Ex Iniuria Ius Oritur: Are We Moving towards International Legitimation of Forcible Humanitarian Countermeasures in the World Community?’, European Journal of International Law, 10 (1), 23–30 [8]
37. Theodor Meron (2005), ‘Revival of Customary Humanitarian Law’, American Journal of International Law, 99 (4), October, 817–34 [18]
38. Pierre-Marie Dupuy (2007), ‘Formation of Customary International Law and General Principles’, in Daniel Bodansky, Jutta Brunnée and Ellen Hey (eds), The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law, Part IV, Chapter 19, New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 449–66
[18]
39. Jorge E. Viñuales (2014), ‘Customary Law in Investment Regulation’, Italian Yearbook of International Law, 23 (1), November, 23–48 [26]
40. Campbell McLachlan (2016), ‘Is There an Evolving Customary International Law on Investment?’, ICSID Review, 31 (2), Spring, 257–69
[13]
41. Brian McGarry (2017), ‘The Development of Custom in Territorial Dispute Settlement’, Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 8 (2), May, 339–65 [27]
Volume Total: 875 pp
